Two types of landforms are created by volcanic eruptions, Intrusive and Extrusive Landforms. Extrusive landforms are formed on the surface of the Earth.
Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
- Extrusive landforms formed due to volcanic eruptions are
- Conical hill: A cone-shaped hill is a typical example of an extrusive landform.
- Cone: A cone is formed when rock materials and debris are thrown away by a volcanic eruption.
- Crater: It is a bowl-shaped depression formed at the mouth of a volcano. It is formed due to the repeated eruption of a volcano.
- Caldera: Because of the repeated eruption of a volcano, its summit may be blown away a number of times. In its place a large depression called caldera is formed.
- Composite cone: When a volcano throws away both lava and large fragments of rocks during eruption, multiple layers of these two materials build up, resulting in the formation of a composite cone.
- Volcanic shield: When lava gets solidified after flowing away from the vent, it forms a broad summit with a gentle base leading to the formation of a volcanic shield.
- Lava plateau: A plateau is formed when a volcano constantly erupts over a long time at frequent intervals over a large area throwing away lava and fragments of rocks (pyroclasts). The Deccan Plateau is one such example.
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