The Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences – After the Industrial Revolution began in England, it gradually spread to Europe and America. The cotton textile industry became a leading industry in 1820.
The Industrial Revolution was not a sudden revolution. It happened gradually. The Main Causes of the Industrial Revolution are as follows
The Industrial Revolution brought tremendous changes in human thinking, the living conditions of people, and the world economy. Two significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution were the rise of Capitalism and Socialism.
The economic and political system in the country where trade and industries are controlled by private owners for earning profit is known as capitalism. The capitalists provide money for purchasing machines, tools, implements and raw materials.
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Socialism was one of the important effects of the Industrial Revolution. Adam Smith in his work, ‘Wealth of Nations’ stressed that the state should not interfere in the nation’s economy.
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The working class would own all the resources, and profits would be equally divided among the people. This system came to be known as ‘Marxist Socialism’.
The Mughal Period marked the consolidation of the composite culture in India. 4 Main Causes for the evolution of the composite culture in India are
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Impact of the Composite Culture in India – Various dresses, social amenities, and festivals that were introduced by the Mughals in India were accepted by the people and became a part of the Indo-Islamic culture.
The architecture was deeply influenced by the Indo-Islamic style of architecture. The Islamic features introduced the concept of spaciousness, massiveness, and width to Indian architectural designs.
Sufism was a Muslim movement whose followers seek to find divine truth and love through direct encounters with God. The Sufi saints were organized into 12 orders or ‘silsilas’ meaning a chain or a continuous link between the master and the disciple.