Physical Quantities: The quantities which can be measured. Two types: Scalar and Vector. Scalar Quantities: Has only Magnitude, No DirectionExample: Mass, distance, time, speed, etc., Vector Quantities: Has both Magnitude and DirectionExample: Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Force, etc. Physical Quantities and Measurements PDF Download PDF
Electromagnet is a temporary strong magnet made from a piece of soft iron when current flows in the coil wound around it. It is an artificial magnet. The polarity and magnetic field strength can be changed. Demagnetized by switching off the current. Uses: lifting and transporting huge masses of iron scrap, loading furnaces with iron,
The space around the magnet where its influence can be experienced is known as the magnetic field. Magnetic Field Lines: The space around the magnet in which the compass needle rests in a direction other than the geographic north-south direction. Magnetism PDF Download PDF
The bodies which on rubbing acquire the property of attracting light bodies (such as paper pieces) are said to be electrified (or charged). If the acquired charge is not allowed to flow it is said to be static electricity. The study of properties of bodies electrified due to stationary charges is called electrostatics. Static Electricity
Solar energy: – from the sun – used in solar cookers, solar water heaters – by use of solar photovoltaic cells (solar cells) Wind energy: – K.E of wind converted to electrical energy by windmills – used to run flour mill, water lifting pump Tidal energy: – from rising and falling ocean waves……… More about
The pressure exerted at any point on an enclosed liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished in all directions. Pressure PDF Download PDF
Molecules possess kinetic energy. kinetic energy increases with an increase in temperature The intermolecular force of attraction: Molecules of matter always attract each other. Kinetic Theory of Matter PDF Download PDF
The energy transferred from one body to another due to a temperature difference between them is called heat. Always flow from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of the body. We can use a clinical thermometer to measure our body
Camera: an instrument that gives a permanent image of the object using a convex lens fitted in a lightproof box and photographic film Compound Microscope: for huge magnification to see very minute objects distinctly. Telescope: forms the image of very far-off objects nearer the eye Optical Instruments PDF Download PDF