Criminal Court: From 31st March 1973, a new Criminal Procedure Act came into effect. Criminal Courts deal with criminal cases. These courts are divided into four categories:
Categories of the Criminal Court
The Session Courts: The Session Court is the highest Criminal Court in a district. The District Judge of the Civil Court also works as the Session Judge. Cases of murder, dacoity, and of the sort are heard by the Sessions Judge. He can award Capital punishment subject to the approval of the High Court.
Court of Judicial Magistrates of First Class: Below Session Court there is the Court of Judicial Magistrates of first class. It heairs the appeals against the decisions of the second class Judicial Magistrates.
Court-of the Judicial Magistrate of Second Class: The Second Class Magistrate can try cases involving imprisonment up to six months and fines upto Rs. 200/- or both. He enjoys Original jurisdiction in all cases which come to him in the first instance.
Court of the Judicial Magistrate of Third Class: A Magistrate of this Court hears criminal cases of simple or individual quarrels and cases of rioting. He can award imprisonment for not more than one month and a fine upto Rs. 50.
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The High Courts and Subordinate Courts
The Constitution of India has provided for a High Court for each state. However, there may be one High Court for two states or union territories. This depends on the area and the population of the state or a union territory. There are 21 High Courts in India. Delhi is the only union territory which has a High Court of its own. Read more
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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