ICSE Geography Notes Class 9 || ICSE Quality Study Materials
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Motions of the earth -Rotation and Revolution
The spinning of the Earth on its axis is known as rotation, The revolution of the Earth around the Sun in an elliptical orbit is revolution. Read more
The Earth’s Grid
The framework formed by the intersection of the latitudes and longitudes on the Earth is known as a geographic grid. It helps us to locate exact places on the globe. Read more
Landforms of the Earth
The surface of the earth is not the same everywhere. The earth has an infinite variety of landforms. Some parts of the lithosphere may be rugged and some flat. Read more
Volcanoes
A volcano is a vent or an opening in the Earth’s crust from which hot magma erupts from the interior of the Earth. Volcanoes are generally caused because of the following reasons. Read more
Weathering
Weathering is the gradual wearing and tearing of rocks on the surface of the Earth. The main agents of weathering are temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Read more
The Atmosphere
The blanket of air that surrounds the Earth is known as the atmosphere. It exists in several layers. The atmosphere is made of many gases and solid particles. Read more
Precipitation -Types and Causes
The water cycle includes the process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. The heat of the Sun evaporates the water resulting in the formation of water vapour. Read more
Our World
A large cluster or collection of stars held together by gravitational force along with gases and dust is known as a galaxy. Milky Way is the name of our galaxy. Read more
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are not associated with the weather but instead are natural disasters. An earthquake is a tremor below the surface of the Earth which causes shaking of the Earth’s crust. Read more
Rocks
Rocks play an important role in the formation of soil. Soil is formed because of weathering and decomposition of rocks. Rocks also contain many minerals. Read more
Folding and Faulting
Orogenic Processes include mountain building through severe folding and faulting. In folding, because the compressional forces act from two opposite sides towards the centre. Read more
Movements of Ocean Waters
The rise and fall of seawater because of the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon are called tides. Sea waves produced by tides are known as tidal waves. Read more
Importance of Oceans
The importance of oceanic resources has created disputes regarding the control of oceans by various nations. Many nations claim their rights over sea waters located near their land. Read more
Isolation and heat balance
The Sun is the source of light and heat on the Earth. The heat and energy radiated by the Sun in all directions is known as solar radiation. Read More
Pressure belts and types of winds
The distribution of atmospheric pressure across the latitudes is known as the global horizontal distribution of pressure. Read more
Sources of Pollution
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons are some major sources of pollution. Metropolitan cities in India such as Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai suffer from acute air pollution. Read more
Types of Pollution
Excessive concentration of foreign particles or substances into the air which adversely affects the atmosphere is known as air pollution. Read more
Effects of Pollution
The presence of one or more harmful gases in the atmosphere is known as air pollution. Apart from these, solid particles like dust also pollute the air. Read more
Abatement of Pollution
Air pollution not only contains gaseous matter but also solid particles. Many devices and equipment have been designed to prevent air pollution. While choosing a device. Read more
Natural Regions of the World
Vegetation that grows in a natural region without any human interference is known as natural vegetation. A natural region is a basic geographic unit that is characterized by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate. Read more
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