Courts of Revenues
The Revenue courts deal with cases related to the maintenance of land records and collection of land revenues. These courts are the Board of Revenues: It is the highest court in cases related to revenues in the state.
Civics
Criminal Courts in India
Criminal courts deal with cases related to murder, robbery, theft, assault, etc. The criminal courts can be classified into the following categories: Sessions Court: It is the highest criminal court and is presided by the District Judge. The court deals with serious offenses.
Subordinate Courts
There are various subordinate courts in the country. The organization and the structure of subordinate courts are uniform throughout the country. Each state is divided into a number of districts, and each district has a district court which is presided over by the district judge.
Powers and Jurisdiction of the High Courts
Original Jurisdiction of the High Courts, Appellate Jurisdiction of the High Courts, Advisory Jurisdiction, Judicial Review, Court of Record, Independence of the High Courts
Emergency Powers of the President
Emergency Powers of the President – Emergency can be declared if the President feels that the security of India is under threat either because of foreign aggression, civil war, or armed rebellion.
The Vice President of India
The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. He may suspend and adjourn the business of the House in case of grave disorder. He regulates the debates and the proceedings of the House.
Powers and Functions of the President of India
The President of India is the head of the Union. Executive Powers of the President of India, Diplomatic Powers, Legislative Powers, Financial Powers, Military Powers, Judicial Powers, Discretionary Powers
The President of India
The President is elected indirectly by the members of the Electoral College. The election of the President is held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by the means of a single transferable vote.
Human Rights
Human rights refer to freedoms and rights which should be available to all human beings irrespective of their caste, class, gender and religion. These rights include the right to life, the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to equality, the right to education etc.
The Supreme Court of India
The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in the country. It is located in New Delhi. The Supreme Court of India consists of the Chief Justice of India and not more than 25 other judges.